He was a lover of Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt, while also having an intimate relationship with Nicomedes IV, the king of Bithynia-this is why he earned the nickname “Queen of Bithynia”. Known as “every woman’s man, every man’s woman”, Caesar, the most famous of Roman emperors, was notorious for being an incorrigible seducer of married women. According to the English historian Edward Gibbon, “of the last 15 Roman emperors, only Claudius was heterosexual” and homosexuality and bisexuality were seen as natural, even though the attitudes of some of the emperors were considered “unusual”, such as those of Julius Caesar (23 BC to 14 AD). And they went further: symbolically, they married each other and, in some cases, offered a dowry to their future husband. Vanity was commonplace, and some men loved to use make up and use perfume in abundance. When we look back at the Roman Empire’s leaders, we unearth unbelievable eccentricity and power. The ancient history of Italy during the Roman Empireįor hundreds of years, Italy dominated most of Europe and beyond.
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